U.S. troops face troublesome obstacles in Saipan: Saipan's terrain was much more diverse than the small, low-lying atolls of the Marines' and Army's recent campaigns. Mountains, tangled vegetation, cane fields, ravines, and caves all presented obstacles. Civilians showed fear when encountering American servicemen, whom the island's Japanese commander called "American devils." Propaganda that civilians would be tortured and killed prevented many from leaving their caves. Most American troops showed good will towards civilians, even amid a quintessentially brutal battle. Americans try to spare civilians while attacking in Saipan: American forces on Saipan were ordered to avoid civilian casualties when attacking enemy-held caves. Nearly four times as many Marines became casualties on Saipan as on Tarawa. Of 71,034 officers and men committed to the invasion of the island, casualties amounted to 14,111, or about 20 percent. U.S. naval dominance had prevented the Japanese from receiving the reinforcements and supplies needed to strengthen their defenses before the invasion.

World War II events following the invasion of Normandy included the Allied bombing of Cherbourg, France, and a heavy blow to the Japanese in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Japanese soldiers in Saipan choose death over surrender: In a World War II photo, the corpse of one of the 23,811 Japanese known to have died on Saipan leans back on a tree as if asleep. One soldier even sent President Roosevelt a letter opener carved from a Japanese thigh bone (a gift that FDR declined). Hundreds followed the lead of Japanese troops and committed suicide, most famously by leaping off cliffs at Marpi Point. June 7: German troops detain King Leopold III of Belgium and transport him to Nazi Germany. June 8: The beaten and depleted Wehrmacht retreats from coastal positions in eastern Italy. The first eyeglasses were created in Italy around 1286, and again these used convex lenses to fix farsightedness. June 9: For the first time, the Allies launch bombing missions on German positions from recaptured airfields on the French mainland. Some 8,000 Marines were landed in the first 20 minutes. U.S. Marines seek spiritual strength during Saipan campaign: During the initial landings on Saipan, Marines listened as chaplains gave them a prayer and blessing over the ships' loudspeakers.

Some 535 combat ships and auxiliaries transported 127,571 troops to islands more than a thousand miles from the nearest U.S. Both sides shot pilots in parachutes and machine-gunned the survivors of sinking ships. Some U.S. troops became so hardened, they collected gold teeth from enemy corpses and mounted skulls on jeeps. June 10: The village of Oradour-sur-Glâne is destroyed, and 642 men, women, and children are slaughtered, by members of the Waffen-SS who are searching for a missing gold shipment and Major Helmut Kämpfe, kidnapped by French partisans. June 14: Free French leader General Charles de Gaulle returns to France some four years after the Nazi occupation sent him into exile. Today, the Hangzhou Bridge, which opened in May 2008 after nine years of planning and construction, holds the honor as China's longest bridge. There may be times when you need to reset or shut down your home's electrical grid, and you'll be able to do that by flipping a switch in the circuit breaker box. Usually called a main fuse, main breaker, main disconnect, or often just "the main," this disconnect might be a set of pull-out fuses, a circuit breaker, or a large switch.

While the European Theater is heavily engaged on the beaches of Normandy, Allied Pacific Theater commanders set the date for a similar invasion of Japan for October 1 of the following year. The fighting in the Pacific Theater during World War II was unparalleled in its savagery. To learn more about World War II history in 1944, read on. More than 600 amphibious craft debarked two divisions on eight beaches on a four-mile front with no serious collisions. By the end of the day, German positions in Normandy will be bombarded with more than 175,000 troops, 600 warships, and nearly 10,000 bombers and other warplanes. By the end of the month, nearly a million Allies will be on French soil. After takeoff, the Proteus plane will climb to a safe altitude, above any bad weather or commercial traffic, and begin an 8-mile loop around the city. AT&T went from the safe confines of monopoly power into the "sink or swim" environment of the free market.

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